Can Archaeology on Prescription Improve Mental Health and Wellbeing?

In the heart of York, just inside the historic Walmgate Bar, an innovative project is quietly transforming lives. Archaeology on Prescription, led by York Archaeology’s Community Engagement Team, it’s a pioneering social prescribing initiative designed to support mental health and wellbeing through hands-on heritage experiences.

At its core, Archaeology on Prescription offers a blend of practical archaeology and community care. Participants referred through NHS services and local organisations join excavation sessions at a former care home site granted temporary access by York City Council. The project connects individuals with poor mental health, social isolation, or other wellbeing needs to a purposeful and engaging activity rooted in discovery, history, and teamwork.

Meg Barclay from York Archaeology shared the story behind the project a the Museums, Health & Well-Being Summit.

What is Social Prescribing and How Does It Support Mental Health?

Social prescribing is an approach gaining traction within healthcare systems worldwide, particularly in the UK through the NHS. Recognising that not all health and wellbeing needs can be met with traditional medical treatments, social prescribing connects individuals to community-based projects and activities that address social, emotional, or practical needs. Whether it’s art classes, gardening groups, walking clubs, or, in this case, archaeological excavations, social prescribing aims to offer holistic support.

One in five GP appointments in the UK involves non-medical issues—challenges like loneliness, anxiety, or depression. Social prescribing offers a proactive response, connecting people with community resources that can improve their overall quality of life. Archaeology on Prescription is one such initiative, and its impact speaks volumes.

How Does Archaeology on Prescription Work? Breaking Down the Process

Archaeology on Prescription breaks down traditional archaeological processes into accessible, engaging activities suitable for participants of all abilities and experience levels. The site itself, once a care home, holds layers of York’s rich history—from medieval farmland and remnants of the 1644 Siege of York to Victorian terraced housing and more modern care facilities.

Participants work closely with professional archaeologists and museum engagement specialists on a range of tasks, including:

• Trowelling and Excavation: Carefully unearthing historical layers, discovering artefacts, and uncovering evidence of past lives.
• Finds Processing: Washing, bagging, and labelling unearthed objects.
• Recording and Mapping: Photographing finds, using GPS to record layers, and contributing to official excavation records.
• Research: Using historical maps, records, and other resources to piece together stories from the past.

Sessions are kept intentionally small, with a maximum of six participants per group. This ensures that every individual receives tailored support and can work at their own pace without feeling overwhelmed. Quiet spaces are available for those who may need a break, and adaptations—such as tiered trenches for easier standing access—make the site as inclusive as possible.

How is Accessibility Prioritised on the Archaeology Site?

One of the standout features of Archaeology on Prescription is its commitment to inclusivity. The physical and emotional needs of participants are prioritised, with adjustments made to ensure everyone feels comfortable and capable.

For example, accessible Portaloos, level ground surfaces, and readily available stools and kneelers enable people with mobility challenges to fully participate. Tiered trenches reduce the physical strain of deep digging, and gazebos provide shelter from rain or harsh sun, ensuring sessions can continue whatever the weather.

Beyond physical accessibility, the emotional wellbeing of participants is also carefully considered. A designated quiet cabin offers a retreat for those who feel overwhelmed, and staff are trained in safeguarding, professional boundaries, and mental health first aid.

What is the Participant Experience Like Throughout the Year?

The typical Archaeology on Prescription programme runs across two seven-week excavation blocks, with participants attending one session per week. These sessions are not just about uncovering artefacts—they are about fostering routine, building confidence, and encouraging social connection.

Participants share stories of how the repetitive yet focused nature of archaeological tasks—like sieving soil or trowelling trenches—brings calm and clarity. Amber, one participant, describes how the act of sieving became a meditative process: “It’s repetitive, but you have to pay attention. It helps me focus, and occasionally, you find something amazing.”

Once the excavation season ends, participants can continue their journey through a Winter Programme focused on post-excavation activities. This includes crafting, creating displays about their experiences, and contributing to the final archaeological report.

What Are the Historical Discoveries Made by Participants?

The discoveries made at the site are as diverse as the people participating in the project. From Bronze Age arrowheads to Victorian pottery shards and even a 1970s Top Deck Shandy can, every find connects participants to the lives of those who came before.

But it’s not just about historical connections—it’s about personal connections, too. Friendships are formed in the trenches, shared discoveries spark conversations, and every participant becomes part of a larger community.

Jean, another participant, reflects on the experience: “Taking into account people’s physical difficulties and adapting around them was amazing. And having a quiet space when needed made such a difference. I’ve gained an interest in local history and met new people along the way.”

How is Staff Wellbeing Supported in a Wellbeing-Focused Project?

Running a project with such a strong emotional focus comes with its own challenges for staff. York Archaeology has taken proactive steps to ensure staff wellbeing is equally prioritised. Daily debriefs, bi-monthly reflective sessions with a therapist, and scheduled breaks between excavation blocks provide vital support for the team delivering the programme.

Staff training is also a key priority, with ongoing development in areas such as mental health first aid and safeguarding. This investment ensures that the team is equipped not just with technical archaeological skills, but with the emotional intelligence needed to support participants effectively.

What Does the Future Hold for Archaeology on Prescription?

As the project grows, the team at York Archaeology hopes to secure long-term funding and expand their reach. The success of Archaeology on Prescription highlights the untapped potential of heritage projects in supporting health and wellbeing—a lesson that museum professionals, archaeologists, and healthcare providers can all learn from.

Stuart, a participant turned volunteer, sums it up beautifully: “I didn’t realise how fascinating archaeology could be. It’s a field I’d never thought about before, and now I can’t imagine not being involved.”

The Power of Heritage

Archaeology on Prescription is more than just an excavation project—it’s a lifeline. It demonstrates the power of heritage to heal, inspire, and connect. For museum professionals, it serves as a shining example of what can be achieved when community engagement, accessibility, and wellbeing are placed at the heart of a programme.

In the words of Jean: “This is an exceptional project. Everyone I know who’s been involved has been hooked. And that says it all.”

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Meg Barclay from York Archaeology spoke at the Museums, Health & Well-Being Summit 2024.